Abbreviations CAP: Community-acquired pneumonia HAP : Hospital-acquired pneumonia VAP: Ventilator-associated pneumonia HCAP: Healthcare-associated pneumonia COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases ICU: Intensive care unit ROS: Reactive oxygen species DNA: Deoxyribonucleic acid IL-6: Interleukin-6 IL-8: Interleukin-8 IL-1 : Interleukin-1 eta TNF- : Tumor necrosis factor alpha ARDS: Acute respiratory distress syndrome SIRS: Systemic inflammatory response syndrome NAC: N-acetylcysteine CoQ10: Coenzyme Q10 ATP: Adenosine triphosphate NF-KB: Nuclear factor kappa B A549 cell lines : Adenocarcinomic human alveolar basal epithelial cells BEAS-2B: Human non-tumorigenic lung epithelial cell line derived from a human lung tissue COVID-19: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-cov-2) CT: Computed tomography ASX: Astaxanthin Se: Selenium GPX1: Glutathione peroxidase RSV: Respiratory syncytial virus SOD: Superoxide dismutase 6MWT: 6-Minute walk test ADL: Activities of daily living questionnaire ICAM-1: Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 SOFA score: The sequential organ failure assessment score CPIS: Clinical pulmonary infection score PICU: Pediatric intensive care unit ALRI: Acute lower respiratory tract infection URTI: Upper respiratory tract infection LRTI: Lower respiratory tract infection MDA: Malondialdehyde TAOC: Total antioxidant capacity nsMPP : Non sever mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia sMPP: Sever mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia References Shi T, Denouel A, Tietjen AK, Lee JW, Falsey AR, Demont C, Nyawanda BO, Cai B, Fuentes R, Stoszek SK (2020) Global and regional burden of hospital admissions for pneumonia in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Methionine assists with liver detoxification, inositol supports insulin signaling and lipid transport, and choline helps the liver package and remove fat
Side effects are uncommon and usually mild, like brief soreness at the injection site
This extended support helps your body maintain its healing momentum and ensures that you achieve the best possible results
Men typically carry higher proportions of visceral fat compared to women, making interventions that specifically target this depot particularly valuable for male metabolic health
Unlike oral supplements, which must go through the digestive system and may be poorly absorbed, B12 injections bypass the gastrointestinal tract entirely
